The function of the guttural pouches has been shown with experimental data to participate in the rapid cooling of arterial blood destined for the brain and surrounding structures. If blocked, secretions accumulate and the pouch distends producing a palpable swelling. However, most of the pouch is ventral to his slit, and therefore drainage may be rather ineffective. The connection opens when the horse swallows and grazing normally provides drainage. ![]() Natural drainage of the pouch is throught the slit-like (pharyngeal) openings of the eustachian tube in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx. The external maxillary vein is also visible. ![]() External carotid artery crosses the lateral wall of the lateral compartment in its approach (as maxillary artery) to the atlas canal. Internal carotid artery.Ĭranial nerve VII - limited contact with the dorsal part of the compartment. Continuation of the sympathetic trunk beyond the cranial cervical ganglion. ![]() Several cranial nerves and arteries lie directly against the pouch as they pass to and from foramina in the caudal part of the skull (vessels within mucosal folds that indent the pouches):Ĭranial nerves IX, X, XI, XII. This normally drains into the pharynx when the horse is grazing. The pouch has an extremely thin wall which is lined by respiratory epithelium which secretes mucus. The pouch directly covers the temporohyoid joint. The guttural pouch has close association with many major structures including several cranial nerves (glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal), the sympathetic trunk and the external and internal carotid arteries. Below this, by fused walls of the two pouches, the median septum is formed.Įach pouch is moulded to the stylohyoid bone which divides the medial and lateral compartments, the medial compartment being approximately double the size of the lateral one and extends further caudally and ventrally. Right and left pouches are separated dorsomedially by rectus capitis ventralis and longus capitis muscles. The medial retropharyngeal lymph node lies between the pharynx and ventral wall of the pouches. The floor lies mainly on the pharynx and beginning of the Oesophagus. It is covered laterally by the Pterygoid muscles, parotid and mandibular glands. The Guttural Pouch is located below the cranial cavity, towards the caudal end of the skull/wing of atlas. The auditory tube connect the nasal cavity and middle ear and the diverticulum dilates to form pouches which can have a capacity of 300-500ml in the domestic horse. The guttural pouches are paired ventral diverticulae of the eustachian (auditory) tubes, formed by escape of mucosal lining of the tube through a relatively long ventral slit in the supporting cartilages. ![]() Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.The Guttural Pouch is present only in members of the order Perissodactyla (nonruminant ungulates: horses, tapirs, rhinoceros) and another small band of small mammals including Hyraxes, certain bats and a South American mouse. No warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, is made as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, or correctness of any translations made by a third-party service of the information provided herein into any other language. Links to other sites are provided for information only – they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy editorial process and privacy policy. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. is accredited by URAC, for Health Content Provider (URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M.
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